Volume 7, Special Issue, 2026, pp. 40-53

SUMMARY: I. What Are the Identifying Elements of The Crime of Trafficking in Human Beings? – II. How Do the Different Forms of Trafficking Manifest? – III. What International Instruments Have Been Adopted to Suppress Trafficking in Persons? – IV. How Does Trafficking in Human Beings Differ from the Smuggling of Migrants? – V. What Council  of Europe Standards Monitor Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation? – VI. How Does the European Union Combat Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation? – VII. What Innovations Did the Recent EU Directive 2024/1712 Bring to The Fight Against Human Trafficking? – VIII. How Does the EU Address Digital Technologies in Sexual Exploitation? – IX. What Legal Pathways Define the Criminalization of Trafficking Under Domestic Law? – X. What Legal Pathways Define the Criminalization of Trafficking Under Domestic Law?